Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
Geometry of Hyperbolas01:30

Geometry of Hyperbolas

A hyperbola consists of all points where the absolute difference of distances to two fixed points, called foci, remains constant. The standard equation isEach branch extends infinitely and approaches two asymptotes, which guide the curve’s behavior. The parameters a and b define key features: a measures the distance from the center to each vertex along the transverse axis, while b influences the slopes of the asymptotes. The asymptotes have equationsA rectangle centered at the origin with...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of uncorrected hyperopia on visual function and academic performance in preschool and school-age children.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same author

Attention to text and pictures during storybook reading in preschool children with moderate hyperopia.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same author

Reflex maintenance of vergence eye alignment to small natural images is at risk for adults and young children.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same author

The Limitations on Vergence Responses to Naturalistic Images Resulting From Simulated Central Scotomas and Defocused Peripheral Retina.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same author

The Impact of Simulated Anisometropia and Bilateral Defocus on Reflex Vergence Responses of Children and Adults.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

The repeatability of accommodative accuracy in childhood unilateral amblyopia.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2025
Same journal

Impact of Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits on Ellipsoid Zone-Related Thickness Metrics.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same journal

Proteomic Profiling of Optic Nerves From SMOX-Deficient Mice Identifies Regulators of Neuroinflammation and Axonal Damage in Optic Neuritis.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same journal

Aflibercept and Faricimab Equipotently Restore Endothelial Barrier Function.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same journal

Spatial Decomposition of Longitudinal RNFL Maps Reveals Distinct Modes of Glaucomatous Progression With Structure-Function and Genetic Signatures.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same journal

The CXXC1-IGFBP6 Axis Maintains Corneal Epithelial Differentiation via H3K4me3-Dependent Transcriptional Activation.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same journal

Archetypal Visual Field Analysis of Patients With Chronic Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in Relation to Visual Recovery.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Why do only some hyperopes become strabismic?

Erin Babinsky1, T Rowan Candy

  • 1Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA. ebabinsk@indiana.edu

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|July 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with significant hyperopia (farsightedness) face a higher risk of developing esotropia (inward eye turn). This review explores factors influencing this risk to identify high-risk individuals for preventive strategies.

Keywords:
accommodationesotropiahyperopiavergencevisual development

More Related Videos

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Children with hyperopia exceeding +3.5 diopters (D) have an elevated risk of developing refractive esotropia.
  • However, a significant majority of these hyperopic children do not develop strabismus, indicating protective factors are at play.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze the accommodation and vergence oculomotor systems in hyperopic children.
  • To identify factors that may either protect against or precipitate strabismus in individuals with hyperopia.
  • To aid in predicting refractive esotropia and identifying high-risk hyperopic individuals for preventive interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of oculomotor control systems.
  • Review of existing literature on accommodation and vergence in hyperopia.
  • Exploration of potential predictive factors for strabismus development.

Main Results:

  • The review elucidates the complex interplay between hyperopia, accommodation, and vergence.
  • Identifies potential mechanisms contributing to the development or prevention of esotropia in hyperopic children.
  • Highlights the need for further research into specific predictive markers.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the nuances of oculomotor function in hyperopia is crucial for predicting strabismus risk.
  • Identifying high-risk individuals allows for targeted preventive efforts.
  • Further investigation into protective and precipitating factors can refine clinical management strategies.