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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots
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Treating large pulmonary emboli: do the guidelines guide us?

Ido Weinberg1, Michael R Jaff

  • 1The Institute for Heart, Vascular and Stroke Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|July 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing large pulmonary emboli remains complex. Treatment for submassive cases is debated, lacking standardized protocols and high-quality data, despite an expanding range of therapeutic options.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Large pulmonary emboli present diagnostic and management challenges.
  • Risk stratification for submassive pulmonary emboli is currently insufficient.
  • Established treatments exist for low-risk and unstable pulmonary embolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on large pulmonary embolism treatment.
  • To identify areas of certainty and uncertainty in management.
  • To provide guidance for clinical decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available data on pulmonary embolism.
  • Analysis of current treatment guidelines and emerging therapies.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding risk stratification and therapeutic options.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary embolism prognosis can be stratified, but risk-stratification for submassive cases is lacking.
  • Systemic thrombolysis is standard for unstable patients; submassive pulmonary embolism management is debated.
  • Novel approaches (low-dose thrombolysis, catheter-directed therapies, advanced cardiopulmonary support) require further evaluation.
  • Pulmonary embolectomy may benefit select patients, but patient selection needs refinement.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized treatment protocols for massive and submassive pulmonary embolism are needed.
  • Treatment complexity arises from limited high-quality data and numerous therapeutic choices.
  • Further research is essential to refine management strategies for pulmonary embolism.