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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

Paramyxovirus entry.

Katharine N Bossart1, Deborah L Fusco, Christopher C Broder

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. kbossart@bu.edu

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paramyxoviruses use two key glycoproteins for cell entry: attachment proteins bind host cells, and fusion proteins trigger membrane merging. This review details their structures, functions, and mechanisms for viral infection.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation
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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
09:08

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Paramyxoviridae are significant RNA viruses causing human and animal diseases.
  • Viral entry relies on membrane fusion, a process mediated by viral glycoproteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail functional, biochemical, and structural features of paramyxovirus attachment and fusion glycoproteins.
  • To review proposed models of paramyxovirus-mediated membrane fusion and virus entry.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular and biochemical characterization data.
  • Summary of recently solved atomic structures of glycoproteins.
  • Review of proposed fusion models and experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Paramyxoviruses utilize distinct attachment and fusion glycoproteins for cell entry.
  • Three classes of attachment glycoproteins exhibit varied receptor binding and fusion promotion.
  • Fusion glycoproteins possess specific domains crucial for membrane merger, influenced by protease cleavage.

Conclusions:

  • Structural insights reveal mechanisms of receptor binding and fusion promotion by attachment glycoproteins.
  • Understanding paramyxovirus glycoprotein function is key to viral entry mechanisms.
  • Concerted action of attachment and fusion glycoproteins mediates virus entry into host cells.