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Updated: May 9, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Nadine Hachach-Haram1, W Niall A Kirkpatrick
1Craniofacial Unit, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Nadine.haram@gmail.com
Facial aging involves changes in cheek fullness and contour. This review covers midfacial anatomy, aging processes, and evolving surgical techniques for rejuvenation.
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