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Related Concept Videos

Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
One-Degree-of-Freedom System01:24

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

In mechanical engineering, one-degree-of-freedom systems form the basis of a wide range of electrical and mechanical components. Using these models, engineers can predict the behavior of various parts in a larger system, which gives them insight into how different forces interact with each other.
A one-degree-of-freedom system is defined by an independent variable that determines its state and behavior. One example of a one-degree-of-freedom system is a simple harmonic oscillator, such as a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects
10:19

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

Guiding locomotion in complex, dynamic environments.

Brett R Fajen1

  • 1Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY, USA.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|July 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humans coordinate locomotion with moving objects using a new model that improves upon the bearing angle model. This approach explains complex behaviors like obstacle avoidance and target interception in dynamic environments.

Keywords:
affordance perceptionlocomotionobject motion perceptionobstacle avoidanceoptic flow

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Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion
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Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Published on: January 15, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects
10:19

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion
08:19

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Published on: January 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • * Cognitive Science
  • * Human Locomotion
  • * Perception and Action

Background:

  • * Daily activities frequently involve navigating complex, dynamic environments with moving objects.
  • * The bearing angle model is a common framework for studying object detection, avoidance, and interception.
  • * The bearing angle model has limitations in explaining complex human locomotion behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * Introduce a novel framework for human locomotion and action selection around moving objects.
  • * Address the limitations of the bearing angle model.
  • * Account for a wider range of behaviors involving moving objects.

Main Methods:

  • * Development of a new theoretical account for guiding locomotion with moving objects.
  • * Analysis of behaviors including obstacle negotiation and target interception.
  • * Summarization of supporting data from recent empirical studies.

Main Results:

  • * The proposed model successfully explains choices in passing moving obstacles (front/behind).
  • * It accounts for judging passable gaps between moving obstacles.
  • * It addresses collision avoidance in traffic and coordinated interception/avoidance scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • * The new approach offers a more comprehensive explanation of human locomotion in dynamic environments.
  • * It extends beyond the bearing angle model's capabilities.
  • * Empirical evidence supports this alternative framework for understanding visually guided actions.