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Related Concept Videos

Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

Neurons as Communicators of the Brain

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...
Neurons: The Axon01:21

Neurons: The Axon

Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment.
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells that interact...
Neuron Structure01:31

Neuron Structure

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Monitoring Neuronal Survival via Longitudinal Fluorescence Microscopy
07:02

Monitoring Neuronal Survival via Longitudinal Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: January 19, 2019

Neuron survival: say it with Flowers.

Franck Pichaud1

  • 1Cell Polarity & Epithelial Morphogenesis Laboratory, Medical Research Council, LMCB, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. f.pichaud@ucl.ac.uk

Current Biology : CB
|July 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The Flower protein family regulates cell competition, eliminating less fit cells. This pathway also controls the removal of unnecessary neurons during development.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cell-cell communication is crucial for tissue homeostasis.
  • Cell competition, where fitter cells eliminate weaker neighbors, is a key regulatory mechanism.
  • The Flower protein family mediates cell competition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Flower protein family beyond cell competition.
  • To determine if this pathway regulates neuronal development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic screening and live imaging in model organisms.
  • Analyzed gene expression patterns related to the Flower pathway.
  • Performed functional assays to assess neuronal survival and elimination.

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Monitoring Neuronal Survival via Longitudinal Fluorescence Microscopy
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Monitoring Neuronal Survival via Longitudinal Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: January 19, 2019

An Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-based Assay for Studying Neurite Outgrowth in Primary Neurons
08:02

An Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-based Assay for Studying Neurite Outgrowth in Primary Neurons

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Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the Flower protein pathway is active during neuronal development.
  • Showed that this pathway governs the selective elimination of superfluous neurons.
  • Identified specific molecular components involved in neuronal culling.

Conclusions:

  • The Flower protein pathway is a conserved mechanism for eliminating unwanted neurons.
  • This pathway ensures proper neural circuit formation by removing less fit neuronal cells.
  • Extends the known function of cell competition pathways to developmental neurobiology.