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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Oncolytic virotherapy.

Daniel Y Sze1, Tony R Reid, Steven C Rose

  • 1Division of Interventional Radiology, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR
|July 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oncolytic virotherapy uses engineered viruses to selectively target and destroy cancer cells. This approach can directly kill tumors and stimulate an immune response against cancer.

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Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses
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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats
08:55

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Published on: April 15, 2016

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses
12:08

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses

Published on: June 25, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy is an innovative cancer treatment strategy utilizing genetically modified viruses.
  • Viruses are engineered for enhanced tumor-specific targeting and replication within malignant cells.

Observation:

  • Engineered viruses preferentially infect and replicate in cancer cells, leading to direct tumor cell lysis.
  • Viral replication releases progeny viruses, facilitating the infection of surrounding tumor cells and distant metastases.
  • Oncolytic viral infections can stimulate a host immune response against cancer cells.

Findings:

  • Engineered viruses demonstrate specificity for malignant cells, minimizing off-target effects.
  • Direct viral-mediated tumor cell killing (oncolysis) is a primary mechanism of action.
  • Oncolytic viruses can enhance anti-tumor immunity by unmasking tumor antigens and promoting immune cell infiltration.

Implications:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy offers a promising new modality for cancer treatment, potentially overcoming resistance to conventional therapies.
  • The immune-stimulating properties of oncolytic viruses could be leveraged in combination with other immunotherapies.
  • Challenges in viral delivery and the need for interventional expertise are key considerations for clinical application.