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Neural Regulation

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Analyzing the Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model Induced by Adeno-associated Viral Vectors Encoding Human α-Synuclein

Analyzing the Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model Induced by Adeno-associated Viral Vectors Encoding Human α-Synuclein

Published on: July 29, 2022

Impaired baroreflex function in mice overexpressing alpha-synuclein.

Sheila M Fleming¹, Maria C Jordan, Caitlin K Mulligan

¹Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH , USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH , USA.

Frontiers in Neurology

|July 27, 2013

Summary

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients often experience cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. This study found that mice modeling PD (Thy1-aSyn) exhibit impaired heart rate responses, suggesting a useful model for studying this condition.

Keywords:

Parkinson’s disease alpha-synuclein baroreflex mouse model orthostatic hypotension

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Assessment of Sensorimotor Function in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease

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Assessment of Sensorimotor Function in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease

Assessment of Sensorimotor Function in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: June 17, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cardiovascular Science
Genetics

Background:

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), a synucleinopathy.
This dysfunction includes orthostatic hypotension, baroreflex failure, and cardiac sympathetic denervation.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the baroreceptor reflex in a genetic mouse model of synucleinopathy (Thy1-aSyn mice).
To evaluate cardiovascular autonomic function in relation to alpha-synuclein overexpression.

Main Methods:

Assessed beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) changes in response to blood pressure variations.
Used telemetry transducers in anesthetized and conscious Thy1-aSyn and wildtype mice.
Administered nitroprusside for hypotension and atropine for muscarinic blockade.

Main Results:

Thy1-aSyn mice showed significantly reduced tachycardia following nitroprusside-induced hypotension compared to wildtype.
An abnormal cardiovascular response, specifically diminished tachycardia, was observed in Thy1-aSyn mice after atropine administration.
These findings indicate impaired sympathetic and parasympathetic-mediated HR changes in the model.

Conclusions:

Thy1-aSyn mice exhibit impaired cardiovascular autonomic regulation, mirroring aspects of PD.
This genetic model is valuable for future research into PD-associated cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.
The study highlights the utility of Thy1-aSyn mice for investigating baroreflex and autonomic nervous system function in synucleinopathies.