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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...

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Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models
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Follicular-derived neoplasms: morphometric and genetic differences.

A Proietti1, C Sartori, N Borrelli

  • 1Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|July 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Distinguishing benign follicular adenomas from malignant follicular thyroid neoplasms can be challenging. Combining Ras gene mutation analysis with detailed morphological evaluation aids in accurate diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Differentiating follicular adenomas (FAs) from well-differentiated follicular and papillary carcinomas is diagnostically challenging.
  • Current diagnostic methods can be subjective and rely on intuitive assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To histomorphologically evaluate follicular neoplasms, including FAs, follicular carcinomas (FCs), and follicular variant of papillary carcinomas (FVPTCs).
  • To support the evaluation with qualitative and quantitative image analysis and molecular characterization.
  • To identify key features aiding in the differential diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Histomorphological analysis of tumor fibrosis, hemorrhage, capsule thickness, follicle diameter, cellularity, nuclear diameter, and vessel density.
  • Molecular analysis of Ras and BRAF mutations, and RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements.
  • Correlation of morphological and molecular findings with clinico-pathological features.

Main Results:

  • Benign follicular adenomas showed more intratumoral hemorrhage, while malignant neoplasms exhibited fibrosis, higher cellularity, and larger size.
  • Follicular variant of papillary carcinomas had larger nuclear diameters and higher microvessel density.
  • Ras mutations were significantly more prevalent in malignant neoplasms (41.5-44.8%) compared to adenomas (2.4%).

Conclusions:

  • Genotyping of the Ras gene family is a valuable tool in diagnosing follicular-derived thyroid neoplasms.
  • Integrating molecular data with detailed morphological analysis improves diagnostic accuracy.
  • This combined approach assists in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant follicular thyroid lesions.