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Related Concept Videos

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management01:17

Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management

Endotracheal intubation is a critical procedure that can be lifesaving for many patients with respiratory distress or failure. The role of nursing in managing endotracheal tubes is pivotal, as it involves pre-intubation preparation, assisting during the procedure, and post-extubation care.
1. Nursing Care of Patients Before Intubation
Before the endotracheal intubation procedure, nurses play an essential role in ensuring the process goes smoothly. The nurses must be familiar with intubation...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...
Endotracheal Tube Extubation01:24

Endotracheal Tube Extubation

Endotracheal tube extubation is a critical procedure in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. It involves physically removing the oral or nasal endotracheal (ET) tube, marking the final step in liberating a patient from ventilatory support.
Procedure
Extubation removes the endotracheal tube (ETT) from the patient on mechanical ventilation. It requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals.
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
07:15

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation

Published on: December 5, 2025

Unplanned intubation: when and why does this deadly complication occur?

Daniel P Milgrom1, Victor C Njoku, Alison M Fecher

  • 1Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Surgery
|July 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Postoperative sepsis and aspiration/pneumonia are the primary drivers of unplanned intubations in surgical patients. Early recognition and management of these complications are crucial for prevention.

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Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine
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Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine

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A Novel Rescue Technique for Difficult Intubation and Difficult Ventilation
04:46

A Novel Rescue Technique for Difficult Intubation and Difficult Ventilation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
07:15

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation

Published on: December 5, 2025

Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine
04:30

Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine

Published on: August 25, 2022

A Novel Rescue Technique for Difficult Intubation and Difficult Ventilation
04:46

A Novel Rescue Technique for Difficult Intubation and Difficult Ventilation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Surgical outcomes research
  • Critical care medicine
  • Patient safety

Background:

  • Unplanned intubations pose significant risks to surgical patients.
  • Limited data exists on the timing, causes, and prevention of reintubations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causes and timing of unplanned intubations in surgical patients.
  • To identify risk factors and common scenarios leading to reintubation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 3,141 surgical patients over two years using the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.
  • Comparison of 104 patients requiring unplanned intubation with those who remained extubated.
  • Characterization by operation type, day of reintubation, and underlying causes.

Main Results:

  • Patients needing reintubation were older, more likely male, and had comorbidities, weight loss, dependency, or sepsis.
  • Commonly associated operations included gastrectomy, nephrectomy, and colectomy.
  • Sepsis (33%, day 8) and aspiration/pneumonia (31%, day 4) were the leading causes, often linked to unrecognized abscesses or post-abdominal surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Postoperative sepsis and aspiration/pneumonia account for two-thirds of unplanned intubations.
  • Targeted management strategies can help prevent these critical events.