Is 6 months of migraine prophylaxis adequate?

There is paucity of information on what happens to the migraine attack after withdrawal of prophylactic drugs. In this study we report the outcome of migraine patients after withdrawal of prophylactic medication and also predictors of long-term remission.

Migraine patients on prophylactic treatment followed for 1 year were included. Their detailed demographic and clinical information were noted. The patients were followed up at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. At 6 months, if patients had more than four migraine attacks per month in the last 2 months, they were gradually withdrawn from the treatment. The recurrence of headache during or after withdrawal was noted including its severity, frequency, and the number of analgesic used. The baseline characteristics of the patients with remission and relapse were compared. The predictors of long-term remission were also evaluated.

One hundred and twenty-seven patients whose median age was 32 years were included. At 6 months withdrawal of prophylactic drug was attempted in 68 patients but was successful in 48 patients only, because 20 relapsed. At 1 year, 70 (63·6%) patients needed prophylactic treatment and drug could be stopped in 40 patients only. The remission was achieved after withdrawal of drug in 48 (43·6%) patients at 6 months, 43 (39·1%) at 9 months, and 40 (36·4%) at 1 year. The most important predictors of persistent remission were improvement at 3 months (P = 0·02) and precipitating factors of migraine (P = 0·005).

The majority of migraine patients need long-term prophylactic treatment. The patients who respond by 3 months of treatment are more likely to have long-term remission.