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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Updated: May 9, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

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Published on: August 23, 2019

Vitamin D in thyroid tumorigenesis and development.

Isabelle Clinckspoor1, Lieve Verlinden, Chantal Mathieu

  • 1Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Bus 902, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
|July 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), shows promise in treating thyroid cancer. Impaired vitamin D signaling is linked to thyroid cancer, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
1,25(OH)(2)D(3)1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)1α-hydroxylase24-hydroxylase25-OHD(3)25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)ATCCDKCDKICEACTCYP24A1CYP27B1DBPDCDITDTCDuoxERFAFGF23FNACFTCG-protein coupled receptorGPCRH&EH(2)0(2)HATHDACHDACIHPTI-TgKOMITMTCNISPDSPDTCPMCAPPIPTCPTHRT-PCRRXRRbSAHAT3T4THTKITPOTRHTSHTSHRTgUSVDRVDREVEGFWTanaplastic thyroid cancercalcitonincarcinoembryogenic antigencyclin-dependent kinasecyclin-dependent kinase inhibitordendritic cellsdifferentiated thyroid cancerdiiodotyrosinedual oxidaseestrogen receptorfibroblast growth factor-23fine needle aspiration cytologyfollicular adenomafollicular thyroid cancerhaematoxylin and eosinhistone acetyltransferasehistone deacetylasehistone deacetylase inhibitorhydrogen peroxidehypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidiodinated thyroglobulinknockoutmedullary thyroid cancermonoiodotyrosinepapillary thyroid cancerparathormonependrinplasma membrane calcium ATPasepoorly differentiated thyroid cancerproton pump inhibitorretinoblastomaretinoid X receptorreverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reactionsodium iodide symportersuberoylanilide hydroxamic acidthyroglobulinthyroid hormonethyroid peroxidasethyroid stimulating hormonethyroid stimulating hormone receptorthyrotropin releasing hormonethyroxinetri-iodothyroninetyrosine kinase inhibitorultrasoundvascular endothelial growth factorvitamin D binding proteinvitamin D receptorvitamin D responsive elementwild type.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has non-classical effects beyond calcium homeostasis.
  • These effects include antiproliferative, anti-apoptotic, and prodifferentiating actions observed in preclinical tumor models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in normal thyroid function and thyroid cancer.
  • To explore the potential of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogues in thyroid cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathway in thyroid tissue.

Main Results:

  • Impaired 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signaling is associated with thyroid cancer occurrence and progression.
  • Vitamin D analogues may be beneficial in treating dedifferentiated, iodine-resistant thyroid cancer.
  • Evidence for vitamin D's role in thyroid autoimmunity is inconclusive.
  • Altered 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signaling affects rodent C-cell function but not normal thyroid development or thyrocyte function.

Conclusions:

  • 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signaling plays a role in thyroid cancer pathogenesis and progression.
  • Vitamin D analogues represent a potential therapeutic strategy for advanced thyroid cancer.
  • Further research is needed to confirm these findings in humans and clarify the role in thyroid autoimmunity.