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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
06:27

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

Type 1 diabetes.

Mark A Atkinson1, George S Eisenbarth2, Aaron W Michels2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|July 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 1 diabetes research has advanced in understanding its causes and management, yet prevention and cures remain elusive. Ongoing efforts focus on improving treatments and patient outcomes for this lifelong condition.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Significant advancements in understanding type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and natural history over the last decade.
  • Progress in disease prediction, heterogeneity, pancreatic pathology, and epidemiology is notable.
  • Technological innovations in insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring aid daily management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current progress in type 1 diabetes research.
  • To discuss epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of type 1 diabetes.
  • To explore future prospects for individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and clinical advancements.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and disease progression.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies and management technologies.

Main Results:

  • Substantial growth in knowledge regarding type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and natural history.
  • Identification of promising agents for averting disease complications.
  • Persistent challenges in disease prevention and cure, with uneven global management quality.

Conclusions:

  • Despite investments, type 1 diabetes remains without a cure or preventative measure.
  • Continuous improvements in management technologies and complication-averting agents are vital.
  • Future prospects depend on sustained research in epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment.