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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Methods to Assess Microbial Communities01:19

Methods to Assess Microbial Communities

Microbial communities, comprising bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microorganisms, inhabit diverse ecosystems and play crucial roles in environmental and biological processes. Their diversity is defined by three main parameters: species richness (the number of distinct species), species abundance (the relative quantity of each species), and species evenness (how uniformly individual species are distributed in various locations). These factors together shape the structure and ecological balance...
Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

Microbial Interactions: Parasitism

Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

Omics approaches to study host-microbiota interactions.

Peter van Baarlen1, Michiel Kleerebezem, Jerry M Wells

  • 1Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|July 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating the gut microbiota

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

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Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems

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An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and immunology, focusing on the gut microbiome's role in health and disease.

Background:

  • The intestinal microbiota significantly influences host physiology and immunity.
  • Imbalances in the gut microbiota are linked to various health disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore advanced methods for understanding microbiota's impact on human health.
  • To discuss the utility of large-scale omics tools and reductionist models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing transcriptomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics for large-scale analysis.
  • Employing gnotobiotic mouse models for hypothesis testing and mechanistic studies.
  • Integrating network biology with animal and cell line studies for iterative research.

Main Results:

  • Omics technologies provide quantifiable tools to study microbiota-host interactions.
  • Reductionist models are valuable for elucidating specific microbial impacts.
  • Network biology facilitates a cycle of hypothesis generation and testing.

Conclusions:

  • A combination of omics, reductionist models, and network biology can advance our understanding of the gut microbiota's role in health and disease.
  • Iterative testing, potentially including clinical and nutritional studies, is crucial for validating findings.