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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy

Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy

Published on: December 1, 2023

Revealing molecular structure and orientation with Stokes vector resolved second harmonic generation microscopy.

Nirmal Mazumder¹, Chih-Wei Hu¹, Jianjun Qiu¹

¹Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)

|July 30, 2013

Summary

This study introduces a novel Stokes polarimeter for characterizing Second Harmonic (SH) signals, enabling concurrent measurement of polarization parameters. This advanced technique reveals molecular structure and orientation, offering insights beyond conventional methods.

Keywords:

Optical scanning microscopy Second harmonic generation Stokes vector Ultrafast laser

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Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy

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High-Throughput Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence and Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Using a Photonic Chip

High-Throughput Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence and Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Using a Photonic Chip

Published on: November 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science
Biophysics

Background:

Second Harmonic (SH) generation is a nonlinear optical process sensitive to molecular structure and orientation.
Conventional polarization detection schemes have limitations in fully characterizing light polarization states.
Stokes polarimetry offers a comprehensive method for determining the polarization state of light.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a four-channel photon counting based Stokes polarimeter for SH signals.
To concurrently measure critical polarization parameters (DOP, DOLP, DOCP) without repeated image acquisition.
To enable detailed analysis of molecular structure and orientation in specimens.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a four-channel photon counting based Stokes polarimeter.
Acquiring SH images and reconstructing Stokes vectors pixel-by-pixel.
Varying incident light polarization states to analyze SH signal responses.

Main Results:

Concurrent measurement of degree of polarization (DOP), degree of linear polarization (DOLP), and degree of circular polarization (DOCP).
Pixel-by-pixel extraction of polarization parameters from reconstructed Stokes vector based SH images.
Demonstration of the ability to determine molecular structure and orientation by analyzing SH signal polarization.

Conclusions:

Stokes polarimetry combined with SHG microscopy is a powerful tool for investigating structural order.
This method provides material property discrimination beyond conventional crossed-polarized detection.
The developed polarimeter enables efficient and comprehensive characterization of SH signals.