Operative treatment of FAI: open hip preservation surgery

Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) is characterized by abnormal contact of the hip joint. Many etiologies cause this painful condition, which leads to early osteoarthritis. While hip arthroscopy has become the most prevalent way to surgically correct a hip, some presentations of FAI require open surgical hip preservation techniques to fully address the pathology at hand. Certain head neck deformities may require open surgical hip dislocation utilizing a trochanteric slide osteotomy. A retroverted acetabulum may require an open periacetabular osteotomy to gain anteversion and eliminate impingement in the hip joint. Acetabular protrusio may require surgical hip dislocation with rim trimming and a possible valgus intertrochanter osteotomy. The sequelae of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease causes complex abnormalities about the hip joint, which may require open surgery to address both the intra-articular pathology and the extra-articular pathology. Osteotomies of the proximal femur and acetabulum may all be necessary to restore a hip back to normal morphology. Chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) may also require open surgical hip dislocations and complex intertrochanter osteotomies to recreate normal morphology.