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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Autism in a child with common variable immunodeficiency.

Mohammad Salehi Sadaghiani1, Asghar Aghamohammadi, Mahmoud-Reza Ashrafi

  • 1Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ms.sadaghiani@gmail.com.

Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
|July 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights a 13-year-old male with autism and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). It suggests a potential link between immune system defects like CVID and the development of autism spectrum disorder.

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
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Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Published on: July 9, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with genetic and environmental risk factors.
  • Immune system dysregulation is increasingly implicated in ASD pathogenesis.
  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by antibody deficiency.

Observation:

  • A 13-year-old male diagnosed with autism at age 3 presented with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID).
  • This case involves a rare co-occurrence of a specific primary antibody deficiency and a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Findings:

  • The study reports a unique case linking CVID, a defect in the immune system, with autism.
  • This observation supports the hypothesis that immune system impairments may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD.

Implications:

  • Investigating immune system defects in individuals with autism may reveal new etiological pathways.
  • Understanding the role of primary antibody deficiencies like CVID could inform future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ASD.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering immune system health in the context of neurodevelopmental conditions.