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Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
08:12

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

Histone modifications: implications in renal cell carcinoma.

Swathi Ramakrishnan1, Leigh Ellis, Roberto Pili

  • 1Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Pathology & Prevention, Grace Cancer Drug Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Epigenomics
|July 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study examines epigenetic changes in kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma, RCC). Researchers are exploring targeted therapies, like enzyme inhibitors, to reverse these modifications and treat the disease.

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Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone Modifications and Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Neuroendocrine Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Using CUT&RUN
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Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone Modifications and Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Neuroendocrine Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Using CUT&RUN

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Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry
10:54

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 21, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
08:12

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone Modifications and Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Neuroendocrine Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Using CUT&RUN
11:50

Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone Modifications and Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Neuroendocrine Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Using CUT&RUN

Published on: April 3, 2026

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry
10:54

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 21, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a significant health concern, with thousands diagnosed and succumbing annually.
  • Specific genetic aberrations are linked to different RCC subtypes, including VHL, c-MET, FH, and BHD genes.
  • Epigenetic alterations, such as VHL gene silencing and histone modifications, are increasingly recognized in RCC development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic modifications in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic alterations in RCC.
  • To discuss the implications of histone modifications and related enzymes in RCC treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic and epigenetic aberrations in RCC.
  • Analysis of studies investigating epigenetic silencing and histone modifications in RCC.
  • Examination of preclinical and clinical trials using epigenetic-targeting drugs.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic silencing of the VHL gene is observed in clear-cell RCC.
  • Alterations in histone modifications and their associated enzymes are implicated in RCC.
  • Inhibitors of HDACs, DNA methyltransferases, and histone methyltransferases show therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications represent a promising avenue for novel RCC therapies.
  • Targeting histone modifications and related enzymes could offer new treatment options for kidney cancer.
  • Further research into epigenetic interventions is crucial for advancing RCC treatment strategies.