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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

First polymer "ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl" complex as potential anticancer agent.

Andreia Valente1, Maria Helena Garcia, Fernanda Marques

  • 1Centro de Ciências Moleculares e Materiais, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
|July 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A novel ruthenium cyclopentadienyl complex (RuPMC) shows potential as a cancer drug delivery system. This compound exhibits activity against breast and ovarian cancer cells, with promising cellular distribution and pH-dependent properties.

Keywords:
Anticancer agentDrug deliveryPolylactideRuthenium cyclopentadienyl

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Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
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Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor
07:12

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor

Published on: October 26, 2017

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
07:20

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor
07:12

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor

Published on: October 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ruthenium (Ru) complexes are explored for their anticancer properties.
  • Drug delivery systems are crucial for targeted cancer therapy.
  • Polylactide polymers offer biocompatibility and controlled release potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel d-glucose end-capped polylactide ruthenium cyclopentadienyl complex (RuPMC).
  • To evaluate the in vitro anticancer activity of RuPMC against human breast and ovarian cancer cell lines.
  • To investigate the cellular distribution and pH-dependent behavior of RuPMC.

Main Methods:

  • Straightforward synthesis of the RuPMC complex.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays (IC50 determination) against MCF7, MDAMB231, and A2780 cell lines.
  • Preliminary UV-visible spectroscopy for pH-dependent hydrolysis studies.
  • Cellular distribution studies using microscopy or other relevant techniques.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the RuPMC complex.
  • RuPMC demonstrated anticancer activity with IC50 values in the micromolar range against tested cancer cell lines.
  • Preliminary data suggest pH-dependent hydrolysis of RuPMC.
  • Cellular distribution studies indicated predominant localization of RuPMC in the nucleus and cell membrane.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized RuPMC complex shows promising anticancer activity.
  • The observed pH-dependent hydrolysis and cellular localization suggest potential for targeted drug delivery.
  • RuPMC represents a potential new drug delivery system for Ruthenium(II) cyclopentadienyl (Ru(II)Cp) compounds in cancer therapy.