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The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

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Published on: February 19, 2018

Language statistics explain the spatial-numerical association of response codes.

Sterling Hutchinson1, Max M Louwerse

  • 1Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect, previously linked to mental number lines, is also explained by language statistics. This study shows word frequency influences response times, challenging purely perceptual simulation theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect describes faster left-hand responses to smaller numbers and faster right-hand responses to larger numbers.
  • This phenomenon has traditionally been attributed to the perceptual simulation of magnitude on an internal mental number line.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether language statistics, specifically word frequency, can explain the SNARC effect.
  • To determine if non-numerical words also elicit SNARC-like effects based on their linguistic frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Three response time (RT) experiments were conducted.
  • Participants performed parity judgments on number words and Arabic numerals.
  • Experiment 3 involved parity judgments on high- and low-frequency nonnumerical words.

Main Results:

  • Linguistic frequencies of number words and numerals mirrored the SNARC effect, accounting for processing aspects not explained by perceptual simulation.
  • High-frequency nonnumerical words also elicited a SNARC-like effect, with faster left-hand responses for high-frequency words and faster right-hand responses for low-frequency words.

Conclusions:

  • The SNARC effect can be explained, in part, by language statistics, not solely by perceptual simulation.
  • Linguistic properties, such as word frequency, play a significant role in cognitive processes previously attributed to spatial-numerical representations.