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Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Transplantation of Pulmonary Valve Using a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation

Transplantation of Pulmonary Valve Using a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation

Published on: July 23, 2014

Tubular heart valves from decellularized engineered tissue.

Zeeshan H Syedain¹, Lee A Meier, Jay M Reimer

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 7-114 NHH, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

|July 31, 2013

Summary

A novel tissue-engineered heart valve (TEHV) offers a promising alternative to current replacements. This biological valve demonstrated excellent function and durability in simulated physiological conditions, potentially improving patient outcomes.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Current heart valve replacements have limitations, including durability issues and the need for anticoagulation.
Tissue engineering offers a potential solution by creating biological valves that mimic native tissue properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel tissue-engineered heart valve (TEHV) using a decellularized biological tissue construct.
To assess the mechanical properties, in vitro function, and durability of the fabricated TEHV.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a circumferentially aligned ovine fibroblast-fibrin gel tube, matured in a bioreactor.
Decellularization of the tissue construct to create a biological scaffold.
Mounting the scaffold on a custom frame and functional testing in a pulse duplicator system under simulated aortic and pulmonary conditions.
Mechanical property assessment, including tensile strength, anisotropy, and collagen content.
Short-term fatigue testing (1 million cycles).

Main Results:

Decellularized tissue exhibited mechanical properties and collagen content comparable to native pulmonary valve leaflets.
The TEHV demonstrated excellent hemodynamic function with minimal regurgitation and pressure gradients.
Effective orifice areas exceeded those of current commercial valve replacements.
The TEHV showed no significant mechanical property changes or macroscopic deterioration after fatigue testing.

Conclusions:

The novel TEHV presents a viable alternative to conventional heart valve replacements.
Its biological nature and promising in vitro performance suggest potential for improved host cell infiltration and long-term integration.
Avoidance of chemical fixation is a key advantage, promoting a more natural tissue response.