Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Published on: February 16, 2024
Increased phosphorylation of AKT in high-risk gastric mucosa
Takamitsu Sasaki1, Hiroki Kuniyasu, Yi Luo
1Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan. cooninh@zb4.so-net.ne.jp
Aim:
To establish the role of oxidative stress and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) activation in gastric cancer development, we examined the levels of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine (NT), and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 73 non-cancerous gastric mucosa and 10 gastric carcinomas. We found that the levels of pAKT were associated with the levels of iNOS, NT, and hTERT. Gastric mucosa was classified into four categories: chronic gastritis without Helicobacter pylori (CG), chronic active gastritis with H. pylori (CAG), chronic metaplastic gastritis without H. pylori (CMG), and chronic gastritis with atypia without H. pylori (CGA). We found increasing levels of pAKT, iNOS, and NT in the order of CG, CAG, CMG, and CGA. hTERT was detected only in CGA. These findings suggest that oxidative stress might be associated with AKT activation and hTERT induction and that mucosa in CGA might confer a high-risk status for gastric carcinogenesis.
Related Concept Videos
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mTOR pathway or the...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds to M3...
MAPK Signaling Cascades

