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Related Concept Videos

Migration00:53

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less likely to...
Keystone Species01:39

Keystone Species

Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a pivotal role in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

Grandmother elephants.

Eve Marder1

  • 1is an eLife senior editor and is at the Department of Biology and the Volen National Center for Complex Systems , Brandeis University , Waltham , United States marder@brandeis.edu.

Elife
|July 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New technologies enable unprecedented experiments. However, Eve Marder emphasizes that valuable lessons can still be learned from past scientific research and methodologies.

Keywords:
Living sciencehistory of scienceneuroscience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Rapid advancements in experimental technology allow for novel biological investigations.
  • The field of systems neuroscience is evolving with new tools and approaches.

Observation:

  • Eve Marder highlights the potential for new experiments previously considered unimaginable.
  • Current technological progress facilitates complex biological system studies.

Findings:

  • Despite technological leaps, historical scientific approaches offer enduring insights.
  • Learning from the past remains crucial for scientific progress and understanding.

Implications:

  • Integrating historical perspectives with modern techniques can accelerate discovery.
  • A balanced approach, valuing both past and present methodologies, is essential for robust scientific advancement.