Updated: May 9, 2026

Step By Step: Microsurgical training method combining two nonliving animal models
Published on: May 9, 2015
Philippe André Liverneaux1, Sarah Hendriks, Jesse C Selber
1Department of Hand Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, Illkirch, France.
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Robotically assisted microsurgery uses robotic arms for enhanced precision in complex procedures. Training courses since 2009 have progressed through five levels of complexity using simulation models.
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