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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis

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Published on: May 8, 2014

Lower limb moments differ when towing a weighted sled with different attachment points.

Michael Lawrence¹, Erin Hartigan, Chunhao Tu

¹Department of Physical Therapy, University of New England, Portland, ME 04103, USA. mlawrence3@une.edu

Sports Biomechanics

|August 1, 2013

Summary

Towing a sled during walking significantly increases hip and knee joint moment impulses. This suggests that sled towing may enhance lower extremity strength, particularly hip and knee extension capabilities.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Human Movement Science
Sports Science

Background:

Sled towing enhances sprinting, but its effects on lower extremity joint mechanics during walking are under-explored.
Previous research focused on kinematic and spatio-temporal variables, neglecting joint moment impulses.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of sled towing on lower extremity joint moment impulses during walking.
To compare joint moment impulses between normal walking and sled towing with waist and shoulder attachments.

Main Methods:

Twelve participants walked under three conditions: normal, towing a sled with 50% body weight at the waist, and towing with 50% body weight at the shoulders.
Calculated hip, knee, and ankle joint moment impulses.
Utilized a mixed-model ANOVA to analyze differences between limbs and towing conditions.

Main Results:

Sled towing significantly increased hip, knee, and non-dominant ankle joint moment impulses compared to normal walking.
Waist attachment increased hip extension moment impulse by 214.5%; shoulder attachment increased knee extension moment impulse by 166.9%.
The dominant limb showed greater knee extension impulse, while the non-dominant limb exhibited greater hip extension and ankle plantarflexion impulse.

Conclusions:

Walking with a sled increases lower extremity joint moment impulses, indicating a potential for enhanced hip and knee extension strength.
Attachment points (waist vs. shoulder) differentially affect joint moment impulses.
Limb dominance influences joint moment impulse generation during sled towing.