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Updated: May 9, 2026

A Tablet-Based Curriculum-Based Measurement Protocol for Kindergarten Writing
Published on: February 7, 2025
Survey of handwriting instruction practices of elementary teachers and educational programs: implications for
Denise K Donica1, Michelle H Larson, Abbey A Zinn
1Department of Occupational Therapy, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina , USA.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of elementary school teachers on training in handwriting instruction received during their education, as well as their current classroom practices. The quantity and quality of training in handwriting instruction provided by baccalaureate degree-granting teacher education programs in North Carolina was also examined. An online survey was administered to each population identified to inquire about handwriting instruction practices. Results from 505 teachers and 16 professors indicated that while handwriting instruction content is valued by both teachers and professors, varied levels of training were provided to the teachers. Implications for occupational therapy practice are discussed including strategies for school-based therapists.
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