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Identity development in adolescents with mental problems.

Emanuel Jung1, Oliver Pick, Susanne Schlüter-Müller

  • 1Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Psychiatric University Hospitals, Basel, Switzerland. Emanuel.Jung@upkbs.ch.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
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Adolescent identity development varies significantly across different psychiatric diagnoses. The new Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA) questionnaire effectively differentiates between these groups, aiding in assessment and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Adolescent Mental Health

Background:

  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) identifies "Identity" as a key criterion for personality disorders.
  • The Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA) is a novel tool for evaluating identity development in adolescents.
  • This study examines identity development differences in adolescents with various psychiatric diagnoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how identity development differs among adolescent psychiatric patients.
  • To assess the utility of the AIDA questionnaire in distinguishing between diagnostic groups.

Main Methods:

  • 86 adolescent psychiatric in- and outpatients (aged 12-18) participated.
  • The Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA) questionnaire and semi-structured interviews (SCID-II, K-DIPS) were administered.
  • Participants were categorized into three groups: personality disorders, internalizing disorders, and externalizing disorders.
  • Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Patients with personality disorders exhibited the highest AIDA scores (T>70).
  • Adolescents with internalizing disorders showed moderate scores (around T=60), while those with externalizing disorders had average scores.
  • AIDA scores significantly differed between groups, with a large effect size (f=0.44).

Conclusions:

  • Impairment in identity development is not uniform across adolescent mental disorders.
  • The AIDA questionnaire demonstrates efficacy in discriminating between adolescent psychiatric diagnostic groups.
  • Findings suggest AIDA can enhance the assessment and treatment of adolescents with severe psychiatric conditions.