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Updated: May 9, 2026

A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis

A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis

Published on: February 7, 2025

Sepsis: multiple abnormalities, heterogeneous responses, and evolving understanding.

Kendra N Iskander¹, Marcin F Osuchowski, Deborah J Stearns-Kurosawa

¹Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Physiological Reviews

|August 1, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sepsis, a severe infection response, causes widespread organ injury and eludes simple classification. Understanding its complexity through biomarkers and models is crucial for improving patient outcomes and survival rates.

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A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis

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Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

Area of Science:

Critical Care Medicine
Immunology
Pathophysiology

Background:

Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic inflammatory response to infection, leading to significant mortality and organ damage.
Despite extensive research, the fundamental mechanisms of sepsis remain poorly understood, complicating effective treatment.
Patient heterogeneity due to factors like age, gender, and comorbidities adds complexity to sepsis management and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the complex pathophysiological changes in sepsis.
To discuss challenges in classifying sepsis responses (proinflammatory vs. immunosuppressed).
To explore the potential of biomarkers and mathematical models in sepsis management.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on sepsis mechanisms, clinical presentations, and therapeutic interventions.
Analysis of physiological changes, including coagulopathy and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Discussion of factors influencing patient heterogeneity and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

Sepsis involves diverse physiological alterations contributing to organ injury.
Heterogeneity in patient responses makes classification and targeted therapy difficult.
Most therapeutic interventions have failed to improve sepsis survival rates.

Conclusions:

Sepsis management is challenged by its complex, heterogeneous nature.
Validated biomarkers and mathematical models are essential for guiding clinical decisions.
Further research into underlying mechanisms and successful therapeutic strategies is critical.