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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Peptic Ulcer01:27

Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcers are erosive lesions of the gastric or duodenal lining, most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This Gram-negative, helical bacterium has adapted to survive the stomach’s acidic environment by producing urease, which converts urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia neutralizes gastric acid in the bacterium’s immediate environment, allowing colonization of the gastric mucosa. H. pylori attaches to mucus-secreting epithelial cells, penetrates the mucus...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

[Cutaneous pemphigus vulgaris. A case report].

Cristina Bello1, Luis Mondaca-Cornejo, Cristian Navarrete-Dechent

  • 1Departamento de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile. cbello@med.puc.el

Revista Medica De Chile
|August 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease affecting skin and mucous membranes. This case highlights a rare presentation of PV solely on the skin, successfully treated with prednisone.

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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
05:05

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune diseases

Background:

  • Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease targeting keratinocyte surface antigens.
  • It commonly affects skin and mucous membranes, leading to blistering and erosions.
  • Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a specific subtype characterized by autoantibodies against desmogleins.

Observation:

  • A 30-year-old patient presented with a five-month history of itchy, hair-loss-inducing, and crusted scalp lesions.
  • Lesions extended to the trunk and limbs, but mucous membranes remained unaffected.
  • Skin biopsy revealed epidermal loss and acantholysis, with positive immunofluorescence for IgG and C3 in intercellular and epidermal areas.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) without mucous membrane involvement, a rare clinical variant.
  • Treatment with prednisone resulted in an excellent clinical response.
  • Immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of autoantibodies characteristic of pemphigus.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the existence of 'Cutaneous pemphigus vulgaris,' a subtype primarily affecting the skin.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of this variant are crucial for effective management.
  • Further research into the specific immunopathogenesis of cutaneous PV may refine therapeutic strategies.