Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
Published on: September 16, 2022
A note on calculating asymptotic confidence intervals for the adjusted risk difference and number needed to treat in
Ruediger P Laubender1, Ralf Bender
1German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Abstract:
Recently, Laubender and Bender (Stat. Med. 2010; 29: 851-859) applied the average risk difference (RD) approach to estimate adjusted RD and corresponding number needed to treat measures in the Cox proportional hazards model. We calculated standard errors and confidence intervals by using bootstrap techniques. In this paper, we develop asymptotic variance estimates of the adjusted RD measures and corresponding asymptotic confidence intervals within the counting process theory and evaluated them in a simulation study. We illustrate the use of the asymptotic confidence intervals by means of data of the Düsseldorf Obesity Mortality Study.
Related Concept Videos
The Mantel-Cox Log-Rank Test
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Confidence Coefficient
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
Assumptions of Survival Analysis
Interpretation of Confidence Intervals
Confidence intervals have confidence coefficients that are crucial for their interpretation. The most common confidence coefficients are 0.90, 0.95, and 0.99, which can be written as percentages–90%, 95%, and 99%, respectively.
Suppose a person calculates a confidence interval with a confidence coefficient of 0.95. In that case, they can...

