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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity.
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions01:16

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions

Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it undergoes a discontinuity. The electric field can be resolved into normal and tangential components. The amount by which the field changes at any boundary is given by the difference between the field components above and below the surface boundary.
The surface integral of an electric field is given by Gauss's law in integral form and is related to...
VSEPR Theory02:37

VSEPR Theory

Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure around a central atom from an examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between these electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form either bonding...
Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments02:36

Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

The VSEPR theory can be used to determine the electron pair geometries and molecular structures as follows:
Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle01:08

Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle

The Frost circle or the inscribed polygon method is a graphical method for determining the relative energies of π molecular orbitals (MOs) for planar, fully conjugated, and monocyclic compounds. This method was first described by A. A. Frost and Boris Musulin in 1953.
A Frost circle is constructed by drawing a polygon whose number of edges is equal to the number of carbons of the given cyclic system, with one of the vertices pointing down. Then, a circle is drawn enclosing the polygon so that...

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Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies
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The multi-configuration self-consistent field method within a polarizable embedded framework.

Erik Donovan Hedegård1, Nanna H List, Hans Jørgen Aagaard Jensen

  • 1Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark. edh@sdu.dk

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new Polarizable Embedding-Multi-Configuration Self-Consistent Field (PE-MCSCF) method to accurately model complex chemical systems. This approach improves calculations for reaction paths, spin systems, and excited states in solution.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Theoretical Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate modeling of complex chemical systems requires accounting for both multiconfigurational effects and environmental influences.
  • Existing polarizable embedding methods struggle to adequately describe systems with significant multiconfigurational character.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive and implement a novel Polarizable Embedding-Multi-Configuration Self-Consistent Field (PE-MCSCF) method.
  • To enable accurate theoretical descriptions of chemical phenomena influenced by both electronic correlation and solvation.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed derivation of MCSCF optimization and linear response equations within the polarizable embedding framework.
  • Implementation of the PE-MCSCF model in the DALTON quantum chemistry package.
  • Application to low-lying valence states of acetone and uracil in water using Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field (CASSCF) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) snapshots.
  • Calculation of electronic transitions for a transition metal complex in a micro-solvated environment.

Main Results:

  • The PE-MCSCF method successfully captures multiconfigurational effects in chemical environments.
  • Calculated spectral shifts for acetone and uracil in water show good to excellent agreement with experimental data.
  • Demonstrated the method's capability for systems with significant multiconfigurational character, such as transition metal complexes.

Conclusions:

  • The PE-MCSCF method provides a robust framework for studying complex chemical systems where both electron correlation and environmental effects are crucial.
  • This advancement opens new avenues for accurate theoretical investigations of excited states, reaction dynamics, and solvated systems.