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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
10:22

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Allergic reactions to vaccines.

Robert A Wood1

  • 1The Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. rwood@jhmi.edu

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Anaphylactic vaccine reactions are rare, often caused by vaccine ingredients. Evaluation involves assessing reaction consistency and future immunization needs, potentially using allergy testing.

Keywords:
anaphylaxishypersensitivityimmunizationvaccines

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis following vaccination is a rare but recognized adverse event.
  • The high volume of vaccine administration makes vaccine hypersensitivity a common clinical inquiry.
  • Reactions are frequently attributed to vaccine excipients rather than antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline an approach for evaluating patients experiencing suspected anaphylactic reactions to vaccines.
  • To guide clinical decision-making regarding future vaccinations in patients with a history of adverse vaccine reactions.
  • To discuss the role of diagnostic testing and updated guidelines for specific vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment of reaction symptoms and temporal relationship to vaccination.
  • Determination of the need for subsequent doses of the implicated vaccine or similar vaccines.
  • Application of skin testing and serologic assays to identify specific vaccine triggers.
  • Review of current recommendations for vaccinating egg-allergic individuals, particularly with influenza vaccines.

Main Results:

  • A systematic evaluation framework for suspected vaccine-induced anaphylaxis is proposed.
  • Diagnostic testing can aid in identifying causative vaccine components and informing future immunization strategies.
  • Revised guidelines facilitate the safe administration of influenza vaccines to individuals with egg allergies.

Conclusions:

  • A structured approach to evaluating vaccine reactions is crucial for patient safety and appropriate immunization.
  • Identifying specific allergens allows for personalized vaccination plans and reassurance.
  • Updated guidelines enhance vaccine accessibility for allergic populations, including influenza vaccination for egg-allergic patients.