Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A data-driven framework for long-term risk stratification of advanced Parkinson's disease using PPMI.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A fovea-centered retinal signature linked to plasma biomarkers in prodromal Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Rituximab and IVIG added to plasma exchange improves the outcome of severe CNS demyelinating attacks: a retrospective study.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders·2026
Same author

Structure-function multilayer network integration and cognition in multiple sclerosis.

Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Visual cognition as a marker of longitudinal disease progression in Huntington's disease.

International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP·2026
Same author

Cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis are shaped by divergent functional connectivity trajectories.

Brain communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
10:14

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

Retinal periphlebitis is associated with multiple sclerosis severity.

Santiago Ortiz-Pérez1, Elena H Martínez-Lapiscina, Iñigo Gabilondo

  • 1Center of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.

Neurology
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Retinal periphlebitis (RP) is linked to increased multiple sclerosis (MS) severity. Patients with RP showed greater disability, higher brain lesion volume, and reduced retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, supporting RP as an MS severity biomarker.

More Related Videos

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature
05:54

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature

Published on: January 24, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
10:14

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature
05:54

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature

Published on: January 24, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
  • Assessing MS severity relies on clinical, imaging, and functional biomarkers.
  • Primary retinal inflammation, such as retinal periphlebitis (RP), may offer insights into MS pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between primary retinal inflammation (retinal periphlebitis and microcystic macular edema) and biomarkers of multiple sclerosis severity.
  • To correlate retinal findings with clinical disability, brain MRI metrics, and retinal structural changes.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 100 MS patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic and neurologic examinations, MRI, and optical coherence tomography.
  • Disability was measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at baseline and 1-year follow-up.
  • Brain imaging assessed normalized brain volume, gray matter volume, and T1 lesion volume; retinal imaging measured nerve fiber layer thickness and macular volume.

Main Results:

  • Five patients exhibited RP, two had microcystic macular edema, and 93 had normal retinas.
  • Patients with RP showed a trend towards higher baseline EDSS scores and disability progression.
  • RP was associated with significantly higher T1 lesion volume (p=0.038) and lower retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (p=0.018).

Conclusions:

  • Retinal periphlebitis (RP) is a potential biomarker for multiple sclerosis severity.
  • RP is associated with increased disability, greater brain lesion burden, and axonal damage in MS patients.