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Related Concept Videos

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Updated: May 9, 2026

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Microbes and allogeneic transplantation.

Maria-Luisa Alegre1, Caroline Bartman, Anita S Chong

  • 11 Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 2 Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 3 Address for Correspondence: Maria-Luisa Alegre, M.D., Ph.D., Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, JFK-R312, Chicago, IL.

Transplantation
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial signals from infections or the gut microbiota influence immune responses to transplanted organs. Antibiotics and immunosuppression disrupt this balance, impacting transplant outcomes.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • Immune cells recognize microbial products, initiating innate immunity that shapes adaptive responses to transplant antigens.
  • Infections in transplant patients trigger inflammatory cytokines that can alter alloimmune responses and affect organ survival.
  • Emerging research highlights the role of commensal microbiota, not just pathogens, in immune system interplay.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how microbial signals influence alloimmunity in transplantation.
  • To review the impact of antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs on microbiota and immune responses.
  • To discuss the bidirectional relationship between the immune system and microorganisms in transplant patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of known and hypothesized mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the interplay between microbiota, immune responses, and alloimmunity.
  • Discussion of downstream effects of antibiotics and vaccinations in transplant contexts.

Main Results:

  • Microbial signals, from pathogens or microbiota, can modulate local and systemic alloimmune responses.
  • Antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs significantly alter the gut microbiota, influencing immune and alloimmune responses.
  • A complex feedback loop exists where immune responses also affect microbial communities.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiota-derived signals are critical modulators of alloimmunity in transplant recipients.
  • Understanding these microbial-immune interactions is key to improving transplant outcomes.
  • Further research into microbiota modulation and targeted therapies holds promise for transplant medicine.