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Related Concept Videos

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane

Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...

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Spontaneous Formation and Rearrangement of Artificial Lipid Nanotube Networks as a Bottom-Up Model for Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Published on: January 22, 2019

Depletion effect and biomembrane budding.

Yanhui Liu1, Yingbing Chen, Chongming Jiang

  • 1College of Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.

Journal of Biological Physics
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Entropy-driven depletion effects cause colloidal particle engulfment by biomembranes. Membrane deformation and particle size ratios determine engulfment resistance, offering insights into vesicle transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Interface Science
  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Depletion effects drive phase separation in microsystems with varying particle sizes.
  • Entropy plays a crucial role in interactions between colloidal particles and biomembranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the equilibrium mechanics of colloidal particle engulfment by biomembranes.
  • Determine the factors influencing biomembrane deformation and resistance during engulfment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a continuum model to analyze the interaction between enveloped colloidal particles and biomembranes.
  • Examined the role of entropy and contact energy in the engulfment process.

Main Results:

  • Favorable contact energy, driven by entropy, is sufficient to engulf colloidal particles.
  • Biomembrane deformation resistance is dependent on particle size ratios and bending rigidity.
  • Engulfment dynamics are influenced by the interplay between particle size and membrane properties.

Conclusions:

  • Entropy-driven depletion is a key mechanism for biomembrane budding and nanoparticle encapsulation.
  • Findings provide insights into nanoparticle transport mediated by vesicles.
  • The study elucidates the physical principles governing colloidal interactions with biological membranes.