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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

Decoding the neuroanatomical basis of reading ability: a multivoxel morphometric study.

Qinghua He1, Gui Xue, Chunhui Chen

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Reading involves distinct brain regions for different skills. Phonological decoding links to the left parietal lobe, form-sound association to the hippocampus/cerebellum, and naming speed to widespread areas. These findings clarify reading

More Related Videos

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Reading is a complex skill with significant individual differences.
  • Neuroanatomical correlates of reading components are not fully understood.
  • Reading involves multiple distinct cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct components of reading ability.
  • To investigate the neuroanatomical basis (gray matter volume) of these reading components.
  • To explore the relationship between reading components and general cognitive abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large sample of 416 college students performing 7 reading tasks.
  • Employed multivariate support vector regression with tenfold cross-validation.
  • Analyzed gray matter volume (GMV) in relation to identified reading components.

Main Results:

  • Identified three uncorrelated reading components: phonological decoding, form-sound association, and naming speed.
  • Phonological decoding associated with left superior parietal lobe/supramarginal gyrus GMV.
  • Form-sound association predicted by hippocampus/cerebellum GMV; naming speed linked to widespread cortical regions.
  • Naming speed correlated with intelligence and processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct neural regions underpin different components of reading ability.
  • Gray matter volume variations contribute to individual differences in reading.
  • Naming speed shares neural substrates with general cognitive abilities, unlike other reading components.