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Thyroiditis after treatment with interleukin-2 and interferon alpha-2a.

G Pichert¹, L M Jost, L Zöbeli

¹Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.

British Journal of Cancer

|July 1, 1990

Summary

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Cancer immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon alpha-2a can cause autoimmune thyroiditis. Patients may experience hyperthyroid and hypothyroid phases, requiring medical attention.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Endocrinology
Oncology

Background:

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon alpha-2a (IFN-α2a) are used in cancer treatment.
Thyroid dysfunction is a potential side effect of immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate thyroid function in patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma treated with IL-2 and IFN-α2a.
To identify the incidence and nature of thyroid dysfunction in this patient cohort.

Main Methods:

Serial thyroid function tests were performed on eight patients.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemistry were used to analyze thyroid tissue.
Peripheral blood cell analysis (lytic activity, CD16+ cells) was conducted.

Main Results:

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Four out of eight patients developed thyroid dysfunction, presenting with hyperthyroid followed by hypothyroid phases.
Thyroid biopsies suggested autoimmune thyroiditis, with one patient developing anti-thyroglobulin antibodies.
Patients with thyroid dysfunction showed increased mononuclear cell lytic activity and higher CD16+ cell counts.

Conclusions:

Autoimmune thyroiditis is a potential adverse effect of combined IL-2 and IFN-α2a immunotherapy.
Monitoring thyroid function is crucial in patients receiving this treatment regimen.
Further research should anticipate and manage autoimmune thyroiditis in similar future trials.