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Hiatal Hernia

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:

Flail Chest-II

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Published on: September 11, 2021

Post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.

R Hajong¹, A Baruah

¹NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, Meghalaya 793018 India.

The Indian Journal of Surgery

|August 2, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernias are often missed, delaying diagnosis and causing serious complications. Early diagnosis through awareness and imaging like CT scans is crucial for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Diaphragmatic hernia Radiological investigations Trauma

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Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Published on: January 31, 2025

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Published on: September 11, 2021

Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Surgical Pathology

Background:

Post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia (TDH) is a recognized complication of blunt or penetrating chest and abdominal trauma.
Delayed diagnosis of TDH can lead to severe morbidity and mortality due to complications such as strangulation and respiratory compromise.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of recognizing post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernias.
To review the diagnostic modalities for TDH and emphasize the role of imaging.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on diagnostic tools for traumatic diaphragmatic hernias.
Discussion of the utility of Computed Tomography (CT) scans, Barium studies, Chest X-rays, and Ultrasonography.

Main Results:

CT scan is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing diaphragmatic hernias.
Barium studies can be useful in delayed presentations.
Chest X-ray and Ultrasonography may provide supportive diagnostic evidence.

Conclusions:

Increased awareness of TDH among clinicians is essential for timely diagnosis.
A combination of clinical suspicion and appropriate radiological investigations facilitates early detection and management.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of TDH significantly improve patient prognosis and reduce complications.