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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Enhancement of Facial Rejuvenation Through a Combination of 1565 nm Non-Ablative Fractional Laser with 30% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid
03:47

Enhancement of Facial Rejuvenation Through a Combination of 1565 nm Non-Ablative Fractional Laser with 30% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid

Published on: September 27, 2024

Anesthesia methods in laser resurfacing.

Sergio Gaitan1, Ramsey Markus

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Seminars in Plastic Surgery
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laser resurfacing effectively treats aging skin, but pain is a drawback. This review details anesthesia options, including noninvasive and invasive methods, to ensure patient comfort during laser skin procedures.

Keywords:
anesthesialaserresurfacingskin

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Laser resurfacing is a common cosmetic procedure for skin aging.
  • Pain is a significant limiting factor in laser resurfacing treatments.
  • Effective pain management is crucial for patient satisfaction and procedure completion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review anesthesia techniques for laser resurfacing.
  • To guide healthcare providers in selecting optimal pain management strategies.
  • To enhance patient comfort during laser skin procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of noninvasive anesthesia: topical, cryoanesthesia, and combination methods.
  • Review of invasive anesthesia: infiltrative, nerve blocks, tumescent anesthesia.
  • Review of supervised anesthesia: monitored anesthesia care and general anesthesia.

Main Results:

  • Various noninvasive and invasive anesthesia methods can effectively minimize pain during laser resurfacing.
  • The choice of anesthesia depends on patient factors and procedure type.
  • Both topical and injected anesthetics, alongside sedation, offer viable pain control.

Conclusions:

  • Appropriate anesthesia selection is key to a painless laser resurfacing experience.
  • Combining different anesthesia modalities may provide superior pain relief.
  • Further research can optimize anesthesia protocols for laser skin treatments.