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Related Concept Videos

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines01:19

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

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Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

776
Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Effects of magnesium sulfate on intraoperative body temperature changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery under propofol-based total intravenous anaesthesia: a retrospective analysis.

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Effectiveness of lumbar wedge in preventing intraoperative hypotension during cesarean delivery in multiple gestation: a retrospective analysis.

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Incidence and risk factor evaluation for postoperative nausea and vomiting in cesarean section under general anesthesia compared to the gynecologic surgery: A retrospective study.

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The Effect of Anesthetic Depth on the Occurrence of Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.

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Incidences of Rocuronium Use during Anesthetic Induction in Adult Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery Using Supraglottic Airway Devices: A Retrospective Analysis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces In Vitro
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Magnesium: a versatile drug for anesthesiologists.

Sang-Hwan Do1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
|August 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Magnesium sulfate can reduce anesthetic and analgesic needs during surgery, improving patient outcomes and satisfaction. Its use in anesthesia offers a cost-effective way to enhance surgical results.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Magnesium sulfate is a well-established treatment for preeclampsia, arrhythmia, and asthma.
  • Its role as an anesthetic adjunct in specific surgeries is also recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the anesthetic- and analgesic-sparing effects of magnesium sulfate.
  • To evaluate its potential to improve perioperative analgesia and muscle relaxation.
  • To assess its overall utility in enhancing anesthesia practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of magnesium sulfate's pharmacological properties.
  • Analysis of its effects on anesthetic and analgesic requirements.
  • Evaluation of its impact on perioperative muscle relaxation.

Main Results:

Keywords:
AnalgesiaMagnesiumMagnesium sulfateMuscle relaxation

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  • Magnesium sulfate demonstrates significant potentiating effects on perioperative analgesia and muscle relaxation.
  • It enables a reduction in the required doses of anesthetics and postoperative analgesics.
  • The agent possesses a high therapeutic index and is cost-effective.

Conclusions:

  • Magnesium sulfate offers valuable benefits for anesthesia, including anesthetic- and analgesic-sparing effects.
  • Appropriate utilization can lead to improved surgical outcomes.
  • Enhanced patient satisfaction is a likely consequence of its judicious use in perioperative care.