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Updated: May 9, 2026

Building An Open-source Robotic Stereotaxic Instrument
Published on: October 29, 2013
Robotic anesthesia - a vision for the future of anesthesia
Thomas M Hemmerling1, Riccardo Taddei, Mohamad Wehbe
1Departments of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Canada University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Abstract:
This narrative review describes a rationale for robotic anesthesia. It offers a first classification of robotic anesthesia by separating it into pharmacological robots and robots for aiding or replacing manual gestures. Developments in closed loop anesthesia are outlined. First attempts to perform manual tasks using robots are described. A critical analysis of the delayed development and introduction of robots in anesthesia is delivered.
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