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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

[Research on X-ray multispectrum imaging based on variable energy].

Ping Chen1, Yan Han, Jin-Xiao Pan

  • 1National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China. pc0912@163.com

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|August 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conventional X-ray imaging struggles with complex structures due to fixed energy limitations. X-ray multispectrum imaging using variable energy expands dynamic range, improving structural detail capture.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Materials Science

Context:

  • Conventional X-ray imaging systems utilize fixed energy, leading to overexposure or underexposure for components with varying effective thicknesses.
  • This limitation restricts the dynamic range, preventing the acquisition of complete structural information and compromising image quality.

Purpose:

  • To address the limitations of fixed-energy X-ray imaging for complex structures.
  • To introduce and evaluate X-ray multispectrum imaging with variable energy for enhanced structural representation.

Summary:

  • X-ray multispectrum imaging adjusts tube voltage multiple times to match the effective thickness variations of a component.
  • Acquired images are then fused to reconstruct comprehensive projection information, overcoming the dynamic range constraints of traditional systems.

Impact:

  • The variable energy X-ray imaging technology expands the system's dynamic range by four times for a 12-bit imaging system.
  • This advancement enables complete representation of internal structural information in complicated components, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and material analysis.