Development of a confrontation naming test for Spanish-speakers: the Cordoba Naming Test

To date, a psychometrically sound standardized Spanish-language test of confrontation naming has not been developed for clinical use. Because of the shortcomings of adapting tests developed in other cultures, it was decided to develop a confrontation naming test suitable for Spanish-speakers. For the validity study the performance on the test of 26 control subjects between 70 and 87 years old and 23 subjects with a mild to moderate degree of dementia of the Alzheimer type was compared. Stability of the test was assessed with a test-retest design (n = 80). Norms were developed using a regression-based method. Four hundred and fifty-six Spanish-speaking subjects of both sexes were recruited for the normative sample. Subjects were between 14 and 94 years old, and three educational levels were represented. Mean differences between the control and dementia groups were significant, yielding a large effect size (η(2) = .25). The test-retest correlation coefficient was r = .90. Education, age, and gender significantly influenced test scores. The validity study confirmed that the test discriminates between individuals with and without anomia. The magnitude of the reliability coefficient of this test can be considered as "very high". Norms were developed considering the influence of three demographic variables: gender, age, and education.