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Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

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Hepatitis delta: the rediscovery.

Mario Rizzetto¹, Seyed Moayed Alavian

¹Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, Molinette, c.so Bramante 88, Torino 10126, Italy. mario.rizzetto@unito.it

Clinics in Liver Disease

|August 3, 2013

Summary

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is re-emerging globally, including in Western Europe and the United States, through immigration. This resurgence necessitates improved medical awareness and local infection mapping for this serious liver infection.

Keywords:

HDV drug addicts HDV epidemiology HDV rediscovery HDV transmission Hepatitis D (delta)Hepatitis D (delta) virus

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Area of Science:

Hepatology
Infectious Diseases
Virology

Background:

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is a significant concern, often leading to severe liver disease.
Historically, HDV was thought to be declining in many regions, including the United States.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the re-emergence of Hepatitis D in Western Europe and the United States.
To emphasize the need for renewed awareness and surveillance of HDV infections.

Main Methods:

Clinical observation of HDV presentations.
Review of epidemiological trends and medical awareness regarding HDV.

Main Results:

Hepatitis D is increasingly observed in Western Europe due to immigration, presenting with classic severe symptoms.
HDV is also being rediscovered in developing nations and the US, challenging prior assumptions of its eradication.

Conclusions:

The global epidemiology of Hepatitis D is shifting, with notable resurgence in previously low-prevalence areas.
Enhanced local mapping of HDV infection and improved medical alert systems are crucial for effective public health response.