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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

Model for hepatitis C virus transmissions.

Elamin H Elbasha1

  • 1Merck Research Laboratories, UG1C-60, PO Box 1000, North Wales, PA 19454-1099, United States. elamin_elbasha@merck.com

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering : MBE
|August 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antiviral therapy can eliminate Hepatitis C virus (HCV) if control reproduction numbers are low. Reinfection is key to HCV transmission and impacts therapy effectiveness for chronic liver disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease globally.
  • Understanding HCV transmission dynamics is crucial for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and analyze a deterministic compartmental model for HCV transmission.
  • To assess the potential impact of antiviral therapy on HCV infection dynamics.
  • To identify key epidemiological thresholds and factors influencing HCV spread.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a susceptible-infective-removed-susceptible (SIRS) compartmental model.
  • Incorporated chronic primary infection and the possibility of reinfection.
  • Derived epidemiological thresholds including basic and control reproduction numbers.

Main Results:

  • A control reproduction number greater than unity indicates a stable endemic equilibrium.
  • A control reproduction number less than unity leads to global asymptotic stability of the infection-free equilibrium, implying HCV elimination.
  • Reinfection significantly influences HCV transmission and the impact of antiviral therapy.

Conclusions:

  • HCV elimination is achievable with effective control strategies and low reproduction numbers.
  • Reinfection dynamics are critical for understanding HCV epidemiology and public health burden.
  • Highly efficacious antiviral therapies offer significant potential for reducing the public health impact of HCV.