Anticholinesterase and antioxidative properties of water-extractable phytochemicals from some citrus peels

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Quantifying the Modulation of Elastase Enzyme Activity Through Colorimetric Analysis
04:30

Quantifying the Modulation of Elastase Enzyme Activity Through Colorimetric Analysis

Published on: January 17, 2025

Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun, Ganiyu Oboh

    Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
    |August 3, 2013
    PubMed
    Abstract

    More Related Videos

    Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants for Cosmetic Applications Using Polyol-Based Technology07:05

    Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants for Cosmetic Applications Using Polyol-Based Technology

    Published on: August 23, 2024

    Related Concept Videos

    Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

    Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

    Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
    Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
    Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

    Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

    In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
    o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
    Radical Autoxidation01:20

    Radical Autoxidation

    The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
    Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions01:30

    Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

    Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
    At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
    Antidotes01:17

    Antidotes

    Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
    Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
    An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
    Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action01:18

    Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action

    Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists work by interacting with an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft. They can be reversible or irreversible inhibitors and have different effects on the enzyme.
    Reversible inhibitors like edrophonium bind to a specific part of the enzyme called the anionic catalytic site. They form noncovalent bonds, which means they are not strongly attached to the enzyme. This creates a temporary and less stable enzyme–inhibitor complex, leading to...