Impact of chronic liver disease in intensive care unit acquired pneumonia: a prospective study

To assess the impact of chronic liver disease (CLD) on ICU-acquired pneumonia.

This was a prospective, observational study of the characteristics, microbiology, and outcomes of 343 consecutive patients with ICU-acquired pneumonia clustered according to the presence of CLD.

Sixty-seven (20%) patients had CLD (67% had liver cirrhosis, LC), MELD score 26 ± 9, 20% Child-Pugh class C). They presented higher severity scores than patients without CLD both on admission to the ICU (APACHE II, LC 19 ± 6 vs. other CLD 18 ± 6 vs. no CLD 16 ± 6; p < 0.001; SOFA, 10 ± 3 vs. 8 ± 4 vs. 7 ± 3; p < 0.001) and at onset of pneumonia (APACHE II, 19 ± 6 vs. 17 ± 6 vs. 16 ± 5; p = 0.001; SOFA, 11 ± 4 vs. 9 ± 4 vs. 7 ± 3; p < 0.001). Levels of CRP were lower in patients with LC than in the other two groups (day 1, 6.5 [2.5-11.5] vs. 13 [6-23] vs. 15.5 [8-24], p < 0.001, day 3, 6 [3-12] vs. 16 [9-21] vs. 11 [5-20], p = 0.001); all the other biomarkers were higher in LC and other CLD patients. LC patients had higher 28- and 90-day mortality (63 vs. 28%, p < 0.001; 72 vs. 38%, p < 0.001, respectively) than non-CLD patients. Presence of LC was independently associated with decreased 28- and 90-day survival (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.982-17.250; p = 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.915-20.699, p = 0.001, respectively).

In critically ill patients with ICU-acquired pneumonia, CLD is associated with a more severe clinical presentation and poor clinical outcomes. Moreover, LC is independently associated with 28- and 90-day mortality. The results of this study are important for future trials focused on mortality.