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Related Concept Videos

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
09:58

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2010

Recent advances in asthma biomarker research.

Ting F Leung1, Fanny W S Ko, Gary W K Wong

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong 6/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
|August 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Monitoring asthma requires assessing airway inflammation. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and induced sputum are useful asthma biomarkers, but more research is needed to confirm their role in routine patient management.

Keywords:
airway inflammationasthmabiomarkerexhaled breath condensateinduced sputummetabolomicsnitric oxide

More Related Videos

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
08:05

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Published on: May 14, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
09:58

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

Published on: April 13, 2010

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
08:05

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Published on: May 14, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Biomarker Research
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Asthma management relies on monitoring airflow obstruction and airway inflammation.
  • Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and induced sputum are key biomarkers of airway inflammation.
  • Current evidence on the clinical utility of these biomarkers in asthma management is inconclusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on asthma biomarkers for monitoring airway inflammation.
  • To evaluate the role of FeNO, induced sputum, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in asthma management.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published literature on asthma biomarkers.
  • Analysis of studies investigating FeNO, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), induced sputum, and EBC.
  • Discussion of the correlation between different asthma dimensions and biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • FeNO levels are higher in Chinese (Asians) than Whites, but its utility as a management strategy is debated.
  • Studies on sputum eosinophils showed initial promise but failed to replicate benefits in subsequent trials.
  • Poor correlation exists between spirometry, BHR, FeNO, and induced sputum, highlighting the complexity of asthma phenotyping.
  • Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) presents challenges due to technical difficulties and biomarker overlap, though metabolomics shows potential.

Conclusions:

  • FeNO and induced sputum are valuable asthma biomarkers but should be interpreted within the broader clinical context.
  • Further longitudinal studies with rigorous protocols are necessary to establish the definitive roles of these biomarkers in asthma care.
  • Biomarker measurement in EBC currently remains primarily a research tool.