Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2026

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy
Published on: December 30, 2025
Evidence underlying the clinical management of diabetic macular oedema
Michael Andrew Williams1, Usha Chakravarthy
1Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, UK. mwilliams11@qub.ac.uk
Abstract:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual loss in the developed world in those of working age, and its prevalence is predicted to double by 2025. The management of diabetic retinopathy has traditionally relied on screening, on laser treatment delivered by ophthalmologists, and on optimising blood glucose and blood pressure. Recent evidence suggests that the role of systemic factors is more complex than originally thought, and that drugs such as ACE inhibitors, fibrates and glitazones may all influence the course of diabetic macular oedema. Antagonism of vascular endothelial growth factor offers a new therapeutic avenue that may transform the management of diabetic macular oedema. Several other therapeutic options are under investigation and development, including aminoguanidine, sorbinol, ruboxistaurin and autologous stem cell transfusion.
Related Concept Videos
Diabetic Retinopathy
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
Diabetic Nephropathy