Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drug Regulation

Drug Regulation

Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...

Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact

Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact

Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with a...

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady state,...

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Defensive medicine in surgical disciplines: attitudes and practices among faculty and residents at Iran University of Medical Sciences.

Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine·2026

Same authorSame journal

Assessment of the medical professionalism climate in the inpatient units of a teaching hospital affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences (2023-2024).

Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine·2026

Same author

Mapping the Momentum : Evaluating Research Productivity and Collaborative Networks in Bioethics Across the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Journal of bioethical inquiry·2026

Same author

Ethics guidelines for palliative care of terminally ill patients in Islamic Republic of Iran.

Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit·2024

Same author

A quantitative analysis of publication trends in Iranian medical ethics and a comparison with EMRO countries.

Indian journal of medical ethics·2024

Same author

Off-label prescription: developing a guideline and validating an instrument to measure physicians' and clinical pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes toward off-label medication use.

Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

AIDS and drug rationing.

Pooneh Salari Sharif¹, Mahshad Noroozi

¹Assistant Professor, Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran.

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine

|August 3, 2013

Summary

Limited resources in poorer nations challenge HIV treatment, making drug rationing a concern. No single strategy is universally fair; cultural, ethical, and socioeconomic factors, alongside pharmacist roles, are crucial for equitable AIDS drug allocation.

Keywords:

AIDS ethics pharmacist rationing

More Related Videos

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

Area of Science:

Public Health
Health Economics
Pharmacy Practice

Background:

Financial constraints in low-resource countries significantly impede access to treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected patients.
High HIV prevalence in impoverished nations elevates concerns regarding the rationing of essential antiretroviral therapies.
Existing drug rationing strategies, though guided by World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, often lack consistent fairness and equity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review diverse strategic approaches for rationing medications in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) treatment.
To explore and discuss the integral role of pharmacists in the process of drug rationing for HIV/AIDS care.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review of existing drug rationing strategies in HIV/AIDS treatment.
Analysis of ethical, cultural, and socioeconomic factors influencing rationing decisions.
Examination of the pharmacist's contribution to equitable drug distribution.

Main Results:

No single drug rationing strategy guarantees universal fairness and equity across different global contexts.
The implementation of rationing is heavily influenced by a society's unique cultural, ethical, and socioeconomic landscape.
Pharmacists are identified as critical stakeholders in ensuring equitable access to AIDS treatment.

Conclusions:

Equitable drug rationing for AIDS treatment requires context-specific solutions that address local cultural, ethical, and socioeconomic realities.
The pharmacist's role is pivotal in navigating these complexities and advocating for fair access to essential HIV medications.
A comprehensive approach, integrating societal values and professional expertise, is necessary for effective and ethical drug rationing.